North Macedonia is preparing a new legal framework for geological exploration and mining as activity in the domestic mining sector weakens and investment in new projects remains limited. The proposed legislation is intended to introduce clearer rules, more predictable procedures and greater legal certainty for investors, according to Energy, Mining and Mineral Resources Minister Sanja Božinovska.
The framework would also raise requirements for environmental protection, mining waste management and post-production site rehabilitation, covering the period after mining operations end.
Proposed rules compared with European legislation
An independent expert review assessed the proposed framework against mining legislation in Austria, Germany, Poland, the Czech Republic, Finland and Croatia. The review concluded that the planned system in North Macedonia was broadly consistent with European practice, including developing EU policies concerning critical and strategic raw materials.
The legislative changes are being prepared as the country’s mining industry records declining activity. Official data showed that mining and quarrying production decreased 5.9% year on year in July 2026. Employment in the sector also declined, falling 7.8% over the same period.
Existing mines and limited project pipeline
North Macedonia has several operating base-metal mines, including Bucim, Sasa, Zletovo and Toranica.
At the same time, the country has a limited pipeline of large new mining developments. Among the most significant proposed investments is the Ilovica–Štuka copper-gold project, which is associated with an estimated capital requirement of approximately €350 million. The Ilovica–Štuka project has encountered prolonged opposition and regulatory uncertainty, highlighting the challenges involved in moving mineral resources from the development stage towards construction.
Environmental requirements remain part of project approvals
A revised legal framework could reduce procedural uncertainty for mining companies, while projects would still require credible environmental studies and continued engagement with affected municipalities.
The effectiveness of the legislation will depend on whether approval procedures become shorter while maintaining transparent reviews. North Macedonia is seeking new investment as mining production declines, while projects with unresolved environmental or social issues would continue to face requirements beyond changes to the regulatory framework.
