Europe’s green industrial strategy faces a fundamental tension: it aims to decarbonize the economy while simultaneously expanding mining activities, traditionally associated with environmental impact. Mining sits at the heart of this challenge—both essential for climate transition and socially contentious.
Mining as a Climate Enabler
Decarbonization depends on a reliable supply of critical minerals. Renewable energy systems, electric vehicles, and grid infrastructure all rely on raw materials such as lithium, nickel, cobalt, and rare earths. Without mining, Europe’s climate ambitions risk stagnation. Recognizing mining as an enabler rather than an obstacle is the first step toward a coherent green industrial policy.
The next step is redefining mining standards. Low-carbon mining, powered by renewable energy and governed by stringent environmental regulations, marks a qualitative shift from traditional practices. Europe possesses the technological and regulatory capacity to lead globally in sustainable extraction, but achieving this leadership requires targeted investment, innovation, and experimentation.
Effective alignment demands that climate policy, industrial strategy, and raw materials governance operate in concert. Mixed signals—such as promoting green manufacturing while restricting critical mineral development—undermine investor confidence and public trust. Harmonized policies, conversely, can create a virtuous cycle where responsible mining fuels the continent’s sustainable industrial growth.
Securing Public Trust
Public perception remains a decisive factor. Mining’s social license to operate cannot be assumed, even when positioned as climate-enabling. Transparent engagement, regional benefit-sharing, and long-term development commitments are essential to secure legitimacy and maintain community support.
