Europe faces a timing dilemma. Demand for strategic raw materials is accelerating faster than new mining and processing infrastructure can come online. Mines can take...
Europe talks confidently about circular economy ambitions, emphasizing material loops, waste reduction, higher recovery rates, and resource efficiency. The narrative is compelling, and conceptually correct:...
Europe’s dependency on global minerals is not passive—it is actively managed. The interaction with Asian mining and processing capital highlights this dynamic. Japan, South Korea,...
Europe’s raw-material dependency is often framed in continental terms: Africa supplies, Asia processes, Europe consumes. While broadly accurate, this view misses a critical layer. Between...
Over the past decade, battery metals like lithium, nickel, and cobalt have dominated the discourse around Europe’s energy transition. These metals are often framed as...
Within Europe’s industrial ecosystem, aluminium, steel, and zinc occupy a contradictory position. They are everywhere—embedded in buildings, vehicles, machinery, grids, and defence systems—yet they rarely...
Hydrogen metallurgy represents the frontier of Europe’s industrial transition, where climate ambition meets metallurgical reality. Producing steel and other metals using hydrogen instead of carbon-based...
Steel sits at the heart of Europe’s decarbonisation challenge. No other material combines such economic importance with such carbon intensity. Transitioning to green steel is...
For decades, Europe’s industrial strategy rested on a straightforward belief: control the resource and you control the value. Mining policy, raw-materials diplomacy, and geopolitical positioning...
Europe’s energy-intensive industries—spanning steel, chemicals, cement, paper, aluminium, and advanced fabrication—have issued a coordinated warning over growing strategic vulnerabilities linked to imported metals and intermediate...